Facing head

ABSTRACT

Particularly compact facing head structure including a housing having an axis of rotation and adapted to be directly secured to a rotating spindle for rotation about the axis of rotation thereof and slides secured to an end face of the housing for movement transversely of the axis of rotation of the housing, which facing head extends a minimum distance beyond the mounting face of the spindle. The slides may be arcuate whereby convex or concave surfaces may be machined. 
     One end of the actuating member may extend through the end face of the housing so that a boring tool may be secured to the end of the actuating member whereby simultaneous boring and facing operations may be accomplished with the facing head. The slides are spring biased in one direction in all positions thereof to compensate for centrifugal force, backlash and facing head wear. 
     Structure is provided for lubrication of the facing head under predetermined pressure with the facing head rotating. Passages are provided in the facing head for passing coolant to a workpiece through the head.

CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS

The present application is a division of application Ser. No. 762,302filed Jan. 25, 1977, which in now U.S. Pat. No. 4,197,040, which is acontinuation-in-part application of application Ser. No. 641,937, filedDec. 18, 1975, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,004,332.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

The invention relates to facing heads and refers more specifically to afacing head having a minimum axial dimension beyond the mounting surfacethereof and which is capable in one embodiment of simultaneous boringand facing operations. The facing head includes slides movabletransversely thereof which may be convex or concave and which are biasedin one direction in all positions thereof, and structure for lubricatingthe facing head and/or passing coolant therethrough while the head isstationary and/or during rotation thereof.

2. Description of the Prior Art

In the past, facing heads have been unnecessarily extended from thespindles to which they are attached, thus causing undue lateral stresseson the spindle bearings and within the facing head structure itself.Further, facing heads of the past have often included particularlycomplicated structure for effecting transverse movement of a cuttingtool relative to the axis of rotation of the facing head, which hasincreased the cost of such facing heads and lowered their efficiency.

Similarly, where simultaneous boring and facing have been accomplishedin the past with facing heads, the structure for effecting such combinedoperations has cometimes been built into or been formed by a part of theassociated spindles and usually has been complicated and expensive andsometimes inefficient. Also, prior facing heads have usually notincluded structure for machining convex and concave surfaces. Whereinstructure for machining arcuate surfaces has been provided in the past,it has been complicated and expensive.

Prior facing heads have also often incorporated considerable backlash inthe structure included therein for moving cutting tools transverselythereof which has prevented effective precision control of start andstop positions. More important, such backlash has often resulted inchatter of the cutting tools, shortening the life of the tools andcutting mechanism and often providing an undesirable finish on amachined workpiece. Prior facing heads have not included wearcompensation structure therein. Also with such prior structures, andinconsistency in the finish of the work has also occurred during thetransition which occurs when the center of gravity of the slide combinedwith any objects fastened to it crossed over the balance center of thefacing head assembly.

Further, in the past, lubrication of facing heads usually has not beenpossible during operation of the heads, and lubrication in the past hasbeen a manual operation. Coolant has usually not been supplied to aworkpiece through prior facing heads.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Therefore, in accordance with the present invention, there is provided afacing head constructed and arranged to extend axially outwardly of anend of a spindle to which it is connected for rotation a minimumdistance whereby wear of the facing head due to transverse forces oncutting tools carried thereby and wear on the spindle structure will beminimized. Such a facing head is constructed in accordance with theinvention by means of a housing having transversely movable slidessecured thereon, an actuating member having exterior helical cam teeththereon which is held against rotation relative to the housing butpermitted axial movement relative thereto, a cam member having helicalinternal cam teeth thereon engaged with the cam teeth on the actuatingmember fixed against axial movement but permitted angular movementrelative to the housing, whereby the cam member is rotated on axialmovement of the actuating member, and pin and slot structure operablebetween the slides and cam member for moving the slides transversely onthe body member on rotation of the gear member. The slides may be eitherconvex or concave whereby either convex or concave surfaces may bemachined with tools secured thereto.

Simultaneous boring and facing with the facing head is accomplished inaccordance with the invention by extending the actuating member beyondthe front face of the facing head and securing a boring tool on theactuating member.

Backlash is removed from the slides by biasing the slides in onedirection in all positions of movement thereof. Thus, wear of the headstructure is compensated for and the effect of a relatively changingcenter of gravity of the facing head as a whole and the slide structureis minimized. Biasing the slides is accomplished by a pin secured to thefacing head housing and a spring operable between a bolt in the slideand the pin.

Lubrication during operation of the facing head is provided through alubrication fitting secured to spindle mounting structure through whichlubricating fluid is placed inside of the spindle and facing head duringrotation of the spindle. Sealing means are provided to prevent leakageof the lubricating fluid out of the facing head.

Coolant is passed through axial passages in the facing head to aworkpiece.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a partially broken away elevation view of a facing headconstructed in accordance with the invention.

FIG. 2 is a partial end view of the facing head illustrated in FIG. 1,taken in the direction of arrow 2 in FIG. 1.

FIG. 3 is a partly broken away end view of the facing head illustratedin FIG. 1, taken in the direction of arrow 3 in FIG. 1.

FIG. 4 is a partial section view of the facing head illustrated in FIGS.1-3, taken substantially on the line 4--4 in FIG. 3.

FIG. 5 is a partially broken away elevation view of the facing headillustrated in FIGS. 1-4 showing a coolant passage therein.

FIG. 6 is a longitudinal section view of a facing head constructed inaccordance with the invention for simultaneous boring and facingoperations, taken substantially on the line 6-6 in FIG. 7.

FIG. 7 is a partly broken away end view of the facing head illustratedin FIG. 6, taken in the direction of arrow 7 in FIG. 6.

FIG. 8 is a partial section view of the facing head illustrated in FIGS.6 and 7, taken substantially on the line 8--8 in FIG. 7.

FIG. 9 is a partial section view of a modification of the facing headillustrated in FIG. 6, showing alternate key means for preventingrotation of the actuating member while permitting axial reciprocationthereof.

FIG. 10 is a partial elevation view of the facing head illustrated inFIGS. 6-8, together with a partial section view of the spindle structureto which it is secured and showing structure for lubricating the facinghead in operation with the head rotating in accordance with theinvention.

FIG. 11 is a partial elevation view, partial section view, showing thefacing head of FIGS. 1-5 secured to a spindle having lubricationstructure as shown in FIG. 9 in conjunction therewith.

FIG. 12 is a partially broken away elevation view showing a facing headsimilar to the facing head of FIGS. 1-5 and including a concave slidefor machining convex surfaces.

FIG. 13 is a partially broken away elevation view showing a facing headsimilar to the facing head of FIGS. 1-5 and including a convex slide formachining concave surfaces.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

The facing head 10 illustrated best in FIGS. 1-4 includes a housing 12,and actuating member 14, cam or gear member 16, slides 18 and 20,keepers 22, 24 and 26, pin structure 28, key 30, and cover 32.

The housing 12 has a bore 31 extending axially therethrough havingdifferent diameter portions, as shown best in FIG. 1. Recesses 34 areprovided extending across one end of the housing 12 for receiving theslides 18 and 20 for movement transverse to the axis of rotation of thefacing head 10.

The actuating member 14 is generally cylindrical and, as shown best inFIG. 1, includes a keyway 36 extending longitudinally thereof. Actuatingmember 14 has external helical cam teeth 38, illustrated best in FIG. 2,extending along the length thereof. The actuating member 14 is adaptedto receive the threaded end of an actuating rod through a spindle in thethreaded recess 40 in one end face thereof.

Cam member 16 includes a hollow cylindrical body portion 42 extendingaxially of the actuating member and a flange portion 44 extendingtransversely of the head 10 and perpendicular to a spindle (not shown)to which the head 10 is adapted to be secured for rotation therewith andis shown best in FIGS. 1 and 3. Helical cam teeth 46, shown best in FIG.2, are provided on the radially inner surface of the cylindrical bodyportion 42 of the cam member 16 whereby the cam member 16 is caused torotate about the axis of generation 86 of the facing head 10 on axialmovement of the actuating member 14.

The cam member 16 is mounted for rotation relative to the housing on thebearings 48 and 50. The cam member and bearings are secured in axialposition relative to the housing by the nut 52 and screw 56.

Slides 18 and 20 are shaped in cross section, as shown best in FIG. 1.Openings 58 are provided in the slides 18 and 20 to receive biasingsprings 60 therein, as best shown in FIG. 4. The openings 58 are furtherslotted at 62 to permit movement of the slides 18 and 20 past the pin64, as will be considered subsequently, on movement of the slidestransversely of the facing head. Each of the slides 18 and 20 is alsoprovided with a slot 66 extending transversely thereacross for receivingthe rectangular portion 68 of the pin structure 28 therein. The slots 70and threaded openings 72 in the slides 18 and 20 are provided to permitsecuring of cutting tools thereto for facing operations or the like.

As shown, the keepers 22 and 26 are elongated rectangular memberssecured to the housing 12 by convenient means such as bolts 74. Both thekeepers 22 and 26 as well as the housing 12 are recessed to provideaccess for the bolts 76 which are used to secure the facing head 10 tothe end surface of a spindle or the like for rotation about the axis ofrotation 86 of the housing 12.

The keeper 24 extends across the center of the facing head 10, as shownbest in FIG. 3. The keeper 24 is generally T-shape in cross section, asshown best in FIG. 1. The depth of the T stem is less in the center thanat the ends, again as shown best in FIG. 1, to accommodate the forwardend of the actuating member 14. A stop screw 78 extends centrallythrough the keeper 24 to limit the forward movement of the actuatingmember 14 in operation. The bolts 80 at both ends of the keeper 24secure the keeper 24 to the housing 12. The keepers 22 and 26 incombination with the keeper 24 maintain the slides 18 and 20 secured tothe housing 12 for transverse movement across the end 54 of the facinghead 10.

As shown, the key 30 is secured in a slot 82 in the housing 12 and isheld in a predetermined position on the cover 32 by the bolts 84. Cover32 is secured over the end 85 of the facing head 10 by means of thebolts 88, shown best in FIG. 2.

Again as shown best in FIG. 4, the spring 60 is positioned within theopening 58 through the slides 18 and 20 and is held in place therein bymeans of the bolt 67 having the threaded head 69. The axial position ofthe bolt 66 may be changed to vary the compression of the spring 60. Thebolt 66 is locked in adjusted position by means of a set screw 90 andbrass plug 91, illustrated best in FIG. 3. In operation, the spring actsbetween the pin 64 and the head 69 of the bolt 67 to bias the slides inone direction over the full length of the slides transversely of thefacing head 10.

The facing head 10 is provided lubrication manually through the radiallyextending lubricating fitting 92 and passage 94 in the housing 12.Sealing means 96 extend around the slides 18 and 20, as shown best inFIG. 1, to prevent loss of lubricating fluid from the facing head 10 onmovement of the slides 18 and 20. Lubrication of the facing head 10 may,while it is rotating, also be accomplished by structure such as that ofFIG. 9, as will be considered subsequently and as shown in FIG. 11.

In overall operation, the facing head 10 is secured to one end face of aspindle of a boring machine or the like by the bolts 76 and theactuating member 14 is coupled to an actuating rod extending through thecenter of the spindle by screwing the actuating rod into the threadedrecess 40 in the actuating member 14. Then, with cutting tools asdesired secured to the slides 18 and 20, when the actuating rod is movedaxially to axially move the actuating member 14, the cam member 16 iscaused to rotate in the bearings 48 and 50 to arcuately move the pinstructures 28 and to thus cause simultaneous sliding movement of theslides 18 and 20 in opposite directions and sliding movement of therectangular head 68 of the pin structures 28 within the slots 66 in theslides. The cutting tools secured to the slides 18 and 20 are thuscaused to move transversely of the facing head 10, as desired.

In this movement it will be noted that the slides 18 and 20 are biasedin one direction for the entire movement of the slides 18 and 20. Thus,as shown best in solid lines in FIG. 3, with the pin structure 28 in oneof its limiting positions with the flange 44 of the cam member 16, thespring 60 biases the slide to the left and the slide 18 is in itsleftmost position, as shown in FIG. 4. On rotating of the cam member 16into its alternate limiting position, as shown by the broken lines inFIG. 3, the pin structure 28 is moved to the right and ultimatelyassumes a position similar to that shown in FIG. 7 wherein the slide 18is in its rightmost position. The slide 18 is continually biased to theleft by the spring 60 during this entire movement. Consequently, nobacklash is permitted and there is no unbalanced slide and/or cuttingtool action as the center of gravity of the slide and cutting toolcrosses over the center of gravity of the facing head assembly. Thus,chatter and/or damaged surfaces on pieces being machined at this pointin a machining operation are substantially eliminated by the facing headstructure of the invention. Further, the bias on the slides compensatesfor wear in the facing head 10. Thus, the facing head will have a longerlife and more precision control of start and stop positions of thefacing head are possible.

The modified facing head 10 shown in FIG. 5 includes a tube 91 securedin keeper 24 by screw 93. Tube 91 extends into passage 95 in actuatingmember 14 and is sealed by seal 97 in the internal groove 99 in passage95. With such structure, coolant may be passed through actuating member14 and tube 91 axially of the facing head 10 to a workpiece as desired.

The embodiment of the facing head 100 illustrated in FIG. 6 permits bothboring and facing of a workpiece, for example, simultaneously. As shownin FIG. 6, the facing head 100 again includes a housing 102, anactuating member 104, a cam member 106, and slides 108 and 110 held inplace in the housing 102 by keepers 112, 114 and 116. The pin structures118 are rotatably secured in the cam member 106 and serve to cause theslides 108 and 110 to move transversely of the facing head 100 on axialmovement of the actuating member 104 relative to the housing 102, asabove.

Also as above, the slides 108 and 110 are biased by means of a spring120 in one direction over the entire movement thereof operating betweenthe bolt 122 and pin 124 secured in the slide 108 and housing 102,respectively. Backlash is again thus minimized in the facing head 100,and wear and the effect of relatively moving centers of gravity iscompensated for, as indicated above.

The actuating member 104 illustrated best in FIG. 6 has a portion 126which extends beyond the end surface 125 of the facing head 100 whichincludes both slots 128 and threaded openings 130 whereby a boring toolmay be mounted thereon.

Further, in the generating head 100, a key 132 is secured to theactuating member 104 and moves in a keyway 134 in a member 136 held in afixed position with respect to the housing 102 in operation as forexample the spindle.

Again, then, as the actuating member is moved forward to effectuateboring with a boring tool secured to the portion 126 thereof, the cammember 106 is caused to rotate in the bearings 138 and 140 held inposition by the lock nut 142 to rotate the pin structures 118 and thuscause the slides 108 and 110 to slide transversely of the facing head,whereby facing tools secured to the slides 108 and 110 can perform afacing operation simultaneously with the boring operation.

Coolant may be passed to a workpiece through the passage 143 in theactuating member 104 axially of the facing head 100.

The embodiment 100 of the facing head is shown secured to a spindle 160in FIG. 9. The spindle 160 is rotatably mounted in a stationary member162 in bearings 165. An annular lubricating member 164 is bolted to thestationary member 162 by bolts 166. A lubrication passage 168 isprovided in member 164 to receive a lubricating fitting (not shown). Thepassage 168 terminates in an annular groove 170 in the spindle 160 whichin turn communicates with spindle passage 172. Annular seals 174 and 176are provided between member 164 and spindle 160.

In operation, lubricant under predetermined pressure may be passedthrough passage 168, groove 170 and passage 172 to lubricate the facinghead 100 and spindle 160 while the facing head is operating and thespindle is rotating.

The modification of the embodiment 100 of the facing head illustrated inFIG. 10 is exactly the same as the embodiment of FIGS. 6-8 except thatthe key 144 has been positioned in a recess 146 in the keeper 151 and isheld therein by bolt 148. The key 144 extends into a keyway 150 in theactuating member 152 to permit axial movement of the actuating member152 with respect to the housing and the actuating member as before.

FIG. 11 illustrates that the different features of the modifications ofthe invention shown in FIGS. 1-10 may be combined in ways other thanthat shown. Thus, for example, as shown in FIG. 11, the lubricatingstructure shown in FIG. 9 is utilized with the facing head illustratedin FIGS. 1-4.

FIG. 12 is a modification of the facing head of FIGS. 1-4 which isuseful in machining convex surfaces. Thus, the slide 202 of the modifiedfacing head 200 illustrated in FIG. 12 is concave and moves in concaveguides 204 on rotation of the gear 206. The tool 208, which is securedto the slide 202, will be moved in an arcuate path to machine a convexsurface on rotation of the gear 206 through the interaction of the pin210 rotating in the bearing 212. The bearing pivots about its center inthe outer block 214 which receives it. The block 214 moves transverselyof the guides 204 in the transverse slot 216 in the slide 202 to producemovement of the slide 202 in the arcuate guides 204.

The modified facing head structure 220 illustrated in FIG. 13 issubstantially the same as the modified structure 200 of FIG. 12 exceptthat the slide 222 is convex and the guides 224 are similarly convexwhereby the tool 226 is moved in a concave path on rotation of the gear226. The modified facing head 220 is thus adapted to machine concavesurfaces.

It will be understood that other embodiments and modifications of theinvention are contemplated. It is the intention to include all suchembodiments and modifications within the scope of the invention as aredefined by the appended claims.

What I claim as my invention is:
 1. A facing head having an axis ofgeneration and an end surface including radially movable means movableonly in a plane perpendicular to the axis of generation for holding acutting tool adapted to contact a workpiece surface to be faced andmeans for passing coolant to a workpiece through the end surface of thefacing head on the axis of generation of the facing head.
 2. Structureas set forth in claim 1, and further including an actuating memberextending on the axis of generation of the facing head and wherein themeans for passing coolant to a workpiece through the end surface of thefacing head on the axis of generation of the facing head, comprises apassage extending axially through the actuating member.
 3. A facing headhaving an axis of generation and at least one end to be secured to aspindle for rotation therewith about its axis of generation comprising ahousing, at least one slide transversely slidably supported on one endof the head in a plane perpendicular to the axis of generation, anactuating member positioned centrally of the head on the axis ofgeneration and having an end extending through the one end of the facinghead, means operable between the actuating member and slide forproducing movement of the slide transversely of the head in a planeperpendicular to the axis of generation on movement of the actuatingmember axially of the head on the axis of generation of the head andmeans for passing coolant to a workpiece through the one end of thefacing head on the axis of generation of the facing head.
 4. Structureas set forth in claim 3, wherein the means for passing coolant to aworkpiece through one end of the facing head on the axis of generationof the facing head comprises a passage extending axially through theactuating member and through the end of the facing head on the axis ofgeneration of the facing head.
 5. A facing head adapted to be secureddirectly to a spindle for rotation therewith, comprising a housing,means for securing the housing to the spindle, at least one slidetransversely slidably supported on one end of the facing head, anactuating member positioned centrally of the facing head, cam meansoperable between the actuating member and slide for producing movementof the slide transversely of the facing head on movement of theactuating member axially of the facing head including a cylindrical cammember having a flange extending transversely of the actuating memberand internal helical cam teeth and external helical cam teeth on theactuating member meshed with the cam teeth on the cam member, means forrestraining the actuating member from rotating relative to the housing,means operable between the cam member and slide for producing transversemovement of the slide on rotary movement of the cam member, including aslot extending transversely of the slide and a pin including arectangular portion positioned within the slot in the slide and acylindrical portion rotatably received within the flange of the cammember and means for passing coolant to a workpiece through the facinghead axially of the facing head.
 6. A facing head adapted to be secureddirectly to a spindle for rotation therewith, comprising a housing,means for securing the housing to a spindle from the front of the facinghead, at least one slide transversely slidably supported on one end ofthe facing head, an actuating member positioned centrally of the facinghead, cam means operable between the actuating member and slide forproducing movement of the actuating member axially of the facing head,means for biasing the slide in one direction over its entire movementtransversely of the facing head, including a pin secured in the housingand extending into the slide, a slot in the slide for permittingmovement on the slide over the pin, and spring means positioned withinthe slide operable between the slide and pin and means for passingcoolant to a workpiece through the facing head axially of the facinghead.
 7. A facing and boring head adapted to be secured to a spindle forrotation therewith comprising at least one slide transversely slidablysupported on one end of the head, an actuating member positionedcentrally of the head, means operably between the actuating member andslide for producing movement of the slide transversely of the head onmovement of the actuating member axially of the head and a cutting toolfor facing secured to the slide, means for simultaneously boring whilefacing comprising one end of the actuating member extending axiallybeyond the outer end of the head and a boring tool secured to the oneend of the actuating member and means for passing coolant to a workpiecethrough the facing head axially of the facing head.
 8. A facing head,comprising a housing, at least one slide transversely slidably supportedon one end of the facing head, means for securing a facing tool to theslide, an actuating member positioned centrally of the facing head andmeans positioned between the actuating member and slide for producingtransverse movement of the slide on the facing head on movement of theactuating member axially of the facing head to effect facing with thefacing head, including external cam teeth on the actuating member, acylindrical cam member sleeved over the actuating member having internalhelical cam teeth meshed with the cam teeth on the actuating member,means for transversely moving the slide on rotation of the cam memberpositioned between the cam member and slide, means secured to the facinghead for movement axially of the facing head to effect simultaneousboring while facing with the facing head in response to movement of theactuating member axially of the facing head and means for passingcoolant to a workpiece through the facing head axially of the facinghead.